The Longman Reader [RENTAL EDITION]

Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
Contents
Thematic Contents
Overview of Checklists
Revision/Peer Review Checklist
Preface
1 Becoming a Critical Reader and Thinker
	Critical Reading: An Introduction
	Stage 1: Get an Overview of the Selection
	First Reading: A Checklist
	Stage 2: Deepen Your Sense of the Selection
	Second Reading: A Checklist
	Stage 3: Critically Evaluate the Selection
	Critically Evaluating a Selection: A Checklist
	Critically Assess Visuals in a Reading
		Critically Assessing an Image: An Example
		Critically Assessing a Graph: An Example
	A Model Annotated Reading
	Larry Rosen,“Our Obsessive Relationship with Technology”
2 The Writing Process
	The Steps in the Writing Process
	Stage 1: Using Prewriting to Get Started
		Keep a Journal
		Understand the Boundaries of the Assignment
		Determine Your Purpose, Audience, and Tone
	Analyzing Your Audience: A Checklist
		Discover Your Essay’s Limited Subject
		Generate Raw Material About Your Limited Subject
		Conduct Research
		Organize the Raw Material
	Activity Set 1: Prewrite
	Stage 2: Identify the Thesis
		Writing an Effective Thesis
		Avoiding Thesis Pitfalls
	Activity Set 2: Identify the Thesis
	Stage 3: Support the Thesis with Evidence
		What Is Evidence?
		Where Do You Find Evidence?
		How the Patterns of Development Help Generate Evidence
		Characteristics of Evidence
	Activity Set 3: Support the Thesis with Evidence
	Stage 4: Organize the Evidence
		Use the Patterns of Development
		Select an Organizational Approach
		Prepare an Outline
	Outlining: A Checklist
	Activity Set 4: Organize the Evidence
	Stage 5: Write the First Draft
		How to Proceed
	Turning an Outline into a First Draft: A Checklist
		Write the Supporting Paragraphs
		Connect Ideas in the Supporting Paragraphs
		Write the Introduction
		Write the Conclusion
		Create the Title
		Pull It All Together
		Sample First Draft by Caylah Francis
		Commentary
	Activity Set 5: Write the First Draft
	Stage 6: Revise the Essay
		Five Revision Strategies
		Peer Review: An Additional Revision Strategy
	Revision/Peer Review Checklist
	Peer Review Worksheet
	Stage 7: Edit and Proofread
	Student Essay: Final Edited and Proofread Draft by Caylah Francis
	Commentary
	Activity Set 6: Revise the Essay
3 Description
	What Is Description?
	How Description Fits Your Purpose and Audience
		Objective and Subjective Description
		Tone and Language
	Strategies for Using Description in an Essay
	Revision Strategies
	Description: A Revision/Peer Review Checklist
	Student Essay by Leanna Stoufer
	Commentary
	Activities: Description
	Professional Selections: Description
	Mario Suárez , “El Hoyo
	Cherokee Paul McDonald,“A View from the Bridge”
	Judith Ortiz Cofer A Partial Remembrance of a Puerto Rican Childhood”
	Patricia Smith ,“Talking Wrong ”
	Michael Johnston ,“The Human Eye ”
	Additional Writing Topics
4 Narration
	What Is Narration?
	How Narration Fits Your Purpose and Audience
	Strategies for Using Narration in an Essay
	Revision Strategies
	Narration: A Revision/Peer Review Checklist
	Student Essay by Laura Rose Dunn
	Commentary
	Activities: Narration
	Professional Selections: Narration
	Audre Lorde ,“The Fourth of July ”
	Lynda Barry ,“The Sanctuary of School ”
	Daniel “Nane” Alejandrez ,“César Chávez Changed My Life ”
	David Bardeen ,“Lives; Not Close Enough for Comfort”
	Dorothea Lange ,“Migrant Mother ”
	Additional Writing Topics
5 Illustration
	What Is Illustration?
	How Illustration Fits Your Purpose and Audience
	Strategies for Using Illustration in an Essay
	Revision Strategies
	Illustration: A Revision/Peer Review Checklist
	Student Essay by Charlene Adams
	Commentary
	Activities: Illustration
	Professional Selections: Illustration
	Kay S. Hymowitz, “Tweens: Ten Going On Sixteen”
	Casey Cavanaugh, “Why We Still Need Feminism”
	Stuart Rojstaczer,"GradeInflation.com: Grade Inflation at American Colleges and Universities”
	Beth Johnson,"Bombs Bursting in Air ”
	Emmy Blotnick,"A Visual History of Shoes ”
	Additional Writing Topics
6 Division-Classification
	What Is Division-Classification?
	How Division-Classification Fits Your Purpose and Audience
	Strategies for Using Division-Classification in an Essay
	Revision Strategies
	Division-Classification: A Revision/Peer Review Checklist
	Student Essay by Catherine Gispert
	Commentary
	Activities: Division-Classification
	Professional Selections: Division- Classification
	Amy Tan ,“Mother Tongue ”
	David Brooks ,“Harmony and the Dream ”
	Francis Gilbert ,“What Makes a Great Teacher?”
	Todd Kliman, “Coding and Decoding Dinner”
	Truity Psychometrics ,“The Best Careers for Your Personality Type ”
	Additional Writing Topics
7 Process Analysis
	What Is Process Analysis?
	How Process Analysis Fits Your Purpose and Audience
		Problem Solving
		Process Analysis Combined with Other Strategies
	Strategies for Using Process Analysis in an Essay
	Revision Strategies
	Process Analysis: A Revision/Peer Review Checklist
	Student Essay by Jared Mosley
	Commentary
	Activities: Process Analysis
	Professional Selections: Process Analysis
	Amy Sutherland,"What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage”
	Alex Horton, “On Getting By”
	Caroline Rego, “The Fine Art of Complaining”
	Werner Gundersheimer,"A Mother’s Secret”
	Antonia C. Novello, First Aid for Choking”
	Additional Writing Topics
8 Comparison-Contrast
	What Is Comparison-Contrast?
	How Comparison-Contrast Fits Your Purpose and Audience
	Strategies for Using Comparison-Contrast in an Essay
	Revision Strategies
	Comparison-Contrast: A Revision/Peer Review Checklist
	Student Essay by Blake Norman
	Commentary
	Activities: Comparison-Contrast
	Professional Selections: Comparison- Contrast
	Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom,"A Mickey Mouse Approach to Globalization ”
	Pico Iyer,"Chapels: On the Rewards of Being Quiet”
	Stefany Anne Golberg, “You Can Take It with You”
	Savita Iyer, “The Pros and Cons of Going Vegan”
	Fatima Alissa, “Aleppo: Before and After the Syrian Civil War”
	Additional Writing Topics
9 Cause-Effect
	What Is Cause-Effect?
	How Cause-Effect Fits Your Purpose and Audience
	Strategies for Using Cause-Effect in an Essay
	Revision Strategies
	Cause-Effect: A Revision/Peer Review Checklist
	Student Essay by Erica Zwieg
	Commentary
	Activities: Cause-Effect
	Professional Selections: Cause-Effect
	Jane S. Shaw, “Nature in the Suburbs”
	Leila Ahmed, “Reinventing the Veil”
	Jacques D’Amboise, “Showing What Is Possible”
	Juan Williams, “The Ruling That Changed America”
	DecideToDrive, “OMG”
	Additional Writing Topics
10 Definition
	What Is Definition?
	How Definition Fits Your Purpose and Audience
	Strategies for Using Definition in an Essay
	Revision Strategies
	Definition: A Revision/Peer Review Checklist
	Student Essay by Olivia Fletcher
	Commentary
	Activities: Definition
	Professional Selections: Definition
	Jhumpa Lahiri, “My Two Lives”
	Laura Fraser, “The Inner Corset”
	Lillian Comas-Díaz, “Hispanics, Latinos, or Americanos: The Evolution of Identity”
	Josie Appleton, “The Body Piercing Project”
	Quinn Mathews, “Global Warming Brochure”
	Additional Writing Topics
11 Argumentation-Persuasion
	What Is Argumentation-Persuasion?
	How Argumentation-Persuasion Fits Your Purpose and Audience
		Logos, or Soundness of the Argument
		Pathos, or the Emotional Power of Language
		Ethos, or Credibility and Reliability
		Analyzing Your Audience
	Strategies for Using Argumentation- Persuasion in an Essay
	Using Rogerian Strategy: A Checklist
	Questions for Using Toulmin Logic: A Checklist
	Revision Strategies
	Argumentation-Persuasion: A Revision/ Peer Review Checklist
	Student Essay by Lydia Gumm
	Commentary
	Activities: Argumentation-Persuasion
	Professional Selections: Argumentation-Persuasion
	Stanley Fish, “Free-Speech Follies”
	Mary Sherry, “In Praise of the ‘F’ Word”
	Wendell Berry, “Farming and the Global Economy”
	Mike Rose, “Blue-Collar Brilliance”
	Paired Readings: Obesity in America
	Michael Marlow & Sherzod Abdukadirov, “Government Intervention Will Not Solve Our Obesity Problem”
	Anna Brones, “Should the Government Be Responsible for Regulating Obesity?”
	Paired Readings: Gender in the Classroom
	Gerry Garibaldi, “How the Schools Shortchange Boys”
	Michael Kimmel, “A War Against Boys?”
	Paired Readings: Selling Human Organs
	Alexander T. Tabarrok, “A Moral Solution to the Organ Shortage”
	Virginia Postrel, “Need Transplant Donors? Pay Them”
	Tami Luhby, Tal Yellin, and Caroline Matthews, “Just How Much Better Off Are College Grads Anyway?”
	Additional Writing Topics
12 Combining the Patterns
	The Patterns in Action: During the Writing Process
	The Patterns in Action
	Student Essay by Houston Barber
	Professional Selections: Combining the Patterns
	Hillary Rodham Clinton, “Remarks to the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women Plenary Session”
	Alice Steinbach, “The Miss Dennis School of Writing”
	Jonathan Swift, “A Modest Proposal”
	Paramount Pictures, “Selma”
Appendix A: A Guide to Using Sources
	Understanding Primary Versus
Secondary Research
	Conducting Primary Research
		Conducting Interviews
		Gathering Information with Surveys
	Conducting Secondary Research
		Finding Books on Your Subject
		Finding Periodicals on Your Subject
		Finding Sources on the Internet
		Learning More About the Advantages
and Limitations of the Library and
the Web
	Preparing an Annotated Bibliography
		Recording Information About the
Source
	Critically Evaluating Sources
		Relevance
		Timeliness
		Seriousness of Approach
		Objectivity
	Critically Evaluating Articles and Books:
A Checklist
	Critically Evaluating Internet Materials:
A Checklist
	Analyzing and Synthesizing Source
Material
		Analyzing Source Material
		Synthesizing Source Materials
	Analyzing and Synthesizing Source
Material: A Checklist
	Effectively Using Quotation, Summary,
and Paraphrase
		Quotation
		Summary
		Paraphrase
	Using Quotation, Summary, and
Paraphrase: A Checklist
		Avoiding Plagiarism
	Integrating Sources into Your Writing
		Using Sources Effectively
		Awkward Use of a Quotation
		Effective Use of a Source
		Introducing a Source
		Using Variety in Attributions
		Shortening or Clarifying Quotations
		Capitalizing and Punctuating Short
Quotations
		Presenting Statistics
	Integrating Sources into Your Writing:
A Checklist
	Documenting Sources to Avoid
Plagiarism
		What Needs to Be Documented?
		What Does Not Need to Be Documented?
	Creating In-Text References: MLA Format
	Preparing the Works Cited List:
MLA Format
		General Instructions for the MLA Works
Cited List
		Citation Examples
	Preparing the References List: APA Format
		Parenthetic Citations in the Text
		General Instructions for the APA References List
		Citing Print Sources—Periodicals
		Citing Print Sources—Books
		Citing Sources Found on a Website
		Citing Sources Found Through an Online
Database or Scholarly Project
		Citing Other Common Sources
	Examining How Sources Are Used
Correctly in Both MLA and APA Formats
in a Student-Authored Research Essay
		MLA Style Documentation
		APA Style Documentation
Appendix B: Avoiding Ten Common Writing Errors
	1. Fragments
	2. Comma Splices and Run-ons
	3. Faulty Subject–Verb Agreement
	4. Faulty Pronoun Agreement
	5. Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers
	6. Faulty Parallelism
	7. Comma Misuse
	8. Apostrophe Misuse
	9. Confusing Homonyms
	10. Misuse of Italics and Underlining
Acknowledgments
Index